spillway and type of spillway

                               SPILLWAY

A spillway is a structure used to provide the controlled release of flows from a dam or levee into a downstream area, typically the riverbed of the dammed river itself. Spillways ensure that the water does not overflow and damage or destroy the dam.

 How Do Spillways Work?

We normally build a dam to hold water back and store it for use in water supply, irrigation, hydropower, or flood control. But sometimes we have to let some water go. Whether we need it downstream or the impounded water behind the dam is simply too full to store any more, nearly every dam needs a spillway to safely discharge water.

In fact, some of the worst human-caused disasters in history have been failures of dams. For this reason, they’re often required to withstand the biggest storm that we could possibly conceive, called the Probable Maximum Flood. It’s too expensive to build a dam so tall that it can store the entirety of this flood. On the other hand, we can’t just let the flood overtop the dam, because flowing water can damage and destroy the structure. So in most cases, dams are designed with at least one spillway, a structure that can safely discharge floodwaters without causing injury or deterioration to the dam.

                                            Types of Spillways

1. Straight Drop Spillway
2. Ogee Spillway
   
3. Shaft Spillway
4. Chute Spillway
5. Side Channel Spillway
6. Siphon Spillway
7. Labyrinth Spillway

 

1.      Straight Drop Spillway

A Straight drop spillway consists of low height weir wall having its downstream face roughly or perfectly vertical. When the water level in the reservoir rises above the normal pool level, the surplus water falls freely from the crest of the weir and hence it is known as Straight drop spillway .

 

2. Ogee Spillway

Ogee spillway, as the name says, represents the shape of the downstream face of the weir. It is an improved form of a straight drop spillway. In this case, the downstream face of the weir is constructed corresponding to the shape of lower nappe of freely falling water jet which is in ogee shape.

The ogee shape of the downstream face is designed on the basis of the principle of a projectile. In general, the shape of lower nappe of the water jet is not constant for all water heads hence, the shape obtained for the maximum head is taken into account while designing ogee spillway.

3. Shaft Spillway

A Shaft spillway is a type of spillway which consists of a vertical shaft followed by a horizontal conduit. The surplus water enters into the vertical shaft and then to the horizontal conduit and finally reaches the downstream of the channel.

4. Side Channel Spillway

Side channel spillway is similar to chute spillway but the only difference is the crest of side channel spillway is located on one of its sides whereas crest of chute spillway is located between the side walls. In other words, the water spilling from the crest is turned to 90 degrees and flows parallel to the crest of side channel spillway unlike in chute spillway.

5. Siphon Spillway

A siphon spillway is a type of spillway in which surplus water is disposed to downstream through an inverted U shaped conduit. It is generally arranged inside the body or over the crest of the dam.

In both types of siphon spillways, air vents are provided at the bent portion of the upper passageway to prevent the entrance of water when the water level is below the normal poll level. Whenever the level rises above normal pool level, water enters into the conduit and is discharged to the downstream of the channel by siphonic action.

 

 

 

 

processing of timber

PROCESSING OF TIMBER

1-                  Felling of trees

2-                  Seasoning of trees

3-                  Conversion of timber

4-                  Prevention of timber

FELLING OF TREES

In this process we generally cut the trees. We cut the trees of age 50-100 years of age so that it has the required strength. In hilly area we generally cut the trees in winter and in plain area we generally cut the trees in summer.

SEASONING OF TREES

In this process the sap of the wood is remove out inorder to control the growth of the trees.and moisture of the the trees can be controlled .

     TYPE OF SEASONING –

1-    NATUALLY SEASONING

2-    ARTIFICIALLY SEASONING

NATURALLY SEASONING

In this process the natural method is used  of drying but in this method no proper temperature and we usually see the un even drying which is not good to prepare the good material.

ARTIFICIALLY SEASONING

Various method is used for artificially drying done by different method-

1-              Electrolyte method

2-              Boilling method

3-              Salt method

4-              Kiln method

             CONVENTIONAL OF TIMBER

The conventional of timber can be done to cut the tree so after transportation to the required place it can convert into desirable shape.

1-              Ordinary sawing

2-              Quadental sawing

3-              Radial sawing

4-              Tangential sawing

This all type of sawing process the strength we can get in the radial sawing but maximum wastage we get and less wastage we get in the ordinary sawing.

classification of trees

CLASSIFICATION OF TREES

As the trees can be classified as –

1-                    EXOGENOUS TREES

2-                    ENDOGENOUS TREES

EXOGENOUS TREES

Are those trees which  can increases in bulk in out word direction .

They can further classified as-

1-          CONIFERS

2-          DECIDIOUS

CONIFERS

       Are those tree which can bear cone shaped fruits and these trees are ever green and they can only shaded there leaves as the new tree grow. These wood are generally soft and weak in strength. For ex- chir , deoder , pine , fir etc.

DECIDIOUS

             Are those trees which has broad leaves. They can shade there leaves In autum , and which grow back in spring .these wood are hard and strong. For ex- babul ,mahogany , oak, sal ,teak , shisham etc.

ENDOGENOUS TREES

                      These are those tree which can grow in bulk in forward direction and posses fibreous mass along the longitudnal direction. For ex- bamboo ,cane , plam .

dog is playing with rat and make u tensed free from corona

DOG IS PLAYING WITH RAT

think and not to think

THINK AND NOT TO THINK

Sometime in our life we have to be very crucial in our decision and many time we have to take such decision that we never wan’t to be. Many time in a dangerous situation we become blank even it can see with the specialist in that field that when we are afraid we loss our capability of thinking we have not even compare what is good and what is bad we Are completely in a blanked situation and even this can be seen in the student when he don’t get it’s desire full fill it should frusted and most of the time he forget what is good and bad. Such situation sometimes temped to be dangerous which can damage in both accept personally and socially. Sometime this type of people becomes dangerous to the society and this people need the greater guidance but at the same point they also not get the family support so, to protect from not to go in the wrong path the family also gave support.

Sometimes the best thing you can do is not think, not wonder, not imagine, not obsess. Just breathe, and have faith that everything will work out for the best.

unity in racefull life

UNITY IN A RACEFULL LIFE

A unity is a power of wisdom , happiness , joy an itself unity. A unity gave a person a believe to do a work that the person can’t achive through it’s own it gave a sense to a person a special power and gave strength to do the impossible work. A person in a unity  never fails. A unity it’s gave strengthened the difficult situation with the hope of togetherness. And don’t have to feel in a person that he or she many alone. A unity can also help to survive in poority as it is the greatest tool of poority.  Infact in the field of construction and management this is also a important too which can help to achive tasks in a greatest difficulties too. A unity never gave the leason off a big and small it’s teach to do respect to all. And if we talk about respect in the field of construction the most respectable is labour because they are the one who had to put all his hardwork . for the access of work.

SPEAKING WITH AQUINAS A CONVERSATION ABOUT GRACE, VIRTUE, AND THE EUCHARIST.

famine

FAMINE

Famine is the most faced problem of a country of less economy growth which may led to death of different people. Many time many countries has faced the problem  in every period of his or her history. In facts india has faced a lot.

A famine is a widespread scarcity of food, caused by several factors including war, inflation, crop failure, population imbalance, or government policies. This phenomenon is usually accompanied or followed by regional malnutrition, starvation, epidemic, and increased mortality. Every inhabited continent in the world has experienced a period of famine throughout history. In the 19th and 20th century, it was generally Southeast and South Asia, as well as Eastern and Central Europe that suffered the most deaths from famine. The numbers dying from famine began to fall sharply from the 2000s

When he opened the fourth seal … I saw, and behold, a pale horse, and its rider’s name was Death, and Hades followed him; and they were given power over a fourth of the earth, to kill with sword and with famine and with pestilence and by wild beasts.

Famine had been a recurrent feature of life the Indian sub-continental countries of India, Pakistan and Bangladesh, most notoriously during British rule. Famines in India resulted in more than 60 million deaths over the course of the 18th, 19th, and early 20th centuries. Famines in British India were severe enough to have a substantial impact on the long-term population growth of the country in the 19th and early 20th centuries

ROLE OF SOCIAL MEDIA FIGHTING FROM COVID-19

ROLE OF SOCIAL MEDIA FIGHTING FROM COVID-19

These are unprecedented times. The COVID-19 virus has turned our world upside down and things are changing rapidly. It’s hard to know what to do but one thing I know for sure is that everyone is feeling anxious – including your customers, clients and community. It’s definitely not business as usual. Now is a good time to reconsider your social media strategy.

SOCIAL MEDIA IS HELPING PEOPLE

LE TO FIGHT FROM COVID-19

In extraordinary times, social media can do magical things.

In fact, whether you’re a large brand, small business or solopreneur, if you lean on social media to build your business, you’re going to need to tap into that magic.

There’s also a chance that you’ve been using social media wrong.

You’ll see now and in the coming weeks some companies using content to help their customers navigate this new world of COVID-19. There are so many questions and not a lot of answers, but if you can help your customers in some way, you’ll be mitigating some the challenges they’re experiencing. And that means a lot!

There are some companies that are taking it a step further – like Ford offering car payment assistance to those affected by the virus.

SOCIAL MEDIA IS HELPING PEOPLE TO STAY AT HOMES

·        Educate

·        Entertain

·        Inspire

SO EVERY PERSON IS DOING THERE WORK PROPERLY SO NOW IT IS OUR DUTY TO FIGHT COVID-19 AND HELP THE NATION

education is necessary or not necessary

EDUCATION

 a greatest contest of our life. I found the people specially children saying that the more education is not good or the people saying that they are boured with the education we have to do the other thing any thing other than education so, I generally find the two type of student in this contest that one is frustrated that they are failed in many competitive examination or they failed the same exam different time. But there is not there mistake the world in the higher completion many faced such the challenging tasks but  they are right at some point because they work very hard that they do they even not enjoy the instant or the moment that they may enjoy in their life but they not enjoy. But even than the result was zero. Actually that article were not on them but a genuine advised by me that think that this work is not ment for u are ment for the work that u and only u can do in your life. And take all this as a positive mean and think about the DR APJ sir who have failed in many examinations as he has passed in there first examination than they not called as the missel men of india. Now talking to second type of people who even not educated much but there thinking was that no one can be big from the education. From those I want to tell that the that thing came into your mind is also because of education and even than u go any where who u are no matter the education, manner and presentation will judge u. education is that which can help u represent your skill your work but if we miss education from this contest that u are nothing. As u infact not stand right in any contest of your life. I u are in under force of some one by there view than u see them first and always do what is good for u and I know that the right is always education so pleace educate the world and leed your country as a good and responsible citizen and become motivation to the world and help the people who are suffering from educated so, take the responsibility of your near one .

be helpful

BE HELPFUL

There are two kinds of people in this world.

There are those who will only do exactly what’s expected of them, and wait for a task to be assigned before acting. And then there are those who are always on the lookout for ways to contribute and make life easier for others. It is this second group that is more likely to make and sustain positive relationships, which are the backbone of a fulfilling personal and professional life.

Whether the person in front of you has just lost a loved one or is just having a tension-filled week, certain approaches will be more genuinely helpful than others.

1. Listen to the Person Talk

2. Suggest Something Specific

3. Help Them See the Positive Side

4. Don’t Keep Score

5. Be Sincere In Your Giving

6. Don’t Be More Trouble Than You’re Worth

7. Reach Out to a Stranger

MOVE

                          MOVE

          Move is a step and word that every person in his our her has to take. Knowing and unknowingly sometimes it leads to a best moves of our life or sometimes it let us in a wrong path. But is the word responsible for the change our life. Let us ellasturate with an example; a person has sold his land which he buys around 4 to 5 lakh and sold it to 54 lakh at after 10 years so the possibility of the outcomes that he was in gain or in loss everyone looking or observing says that absolutely he was in gain but according to me it basically depends on his or her next move let suppose the person next move is that he spend money in playing cards or other purposes and he lost all his money and that was only the property with him so in such condition the person faces many problem to live or this may also let to depression and many mantal disorder. Or other words we can that the person invest a money in a new business which makes not a good earning but the earning that he can spend his or her life more better then the person living before when he has its property so we can say that moves play a important roles in a persons life.

Mobility

Operational excellance

Value to customers

Electriction

ALONE

ALONE

Alone is the most prominent problem in the today world. When we analysis we generally find that there are two types of people one who want to live alone and another who doesn’t want to live alone but they are living. When we analysis and categories the first type of people than we find that the people are faces some times of discrimination from the people or this categories other type of people who see the world ( I am generally talking about the older people) and this sometime  led to depression and hypertension and most noticeable changed we have see that there behavior generally changes they become irritated. And if the talk about the another categories people we can generally see the children off rich families. Because the parents are busy and the children feel lolnely. If the talk about them as the behavior changes is as the change of the categories first and they can also believes other more easily. The alone itself a most dangerious thing if it extend there limit. Most of the people who are suffering also led the wrong steps

LIFE IS FULL OF LONELINESS, MISERY, SUFFERING, SADNESS AND YET IT ENDS TOO FAST. 

HAPPINESS

 HAPPINESS

In the today world the most difficult thing is to happy according to me the person in the modern world act to be happy but the problem arises  are they actually be happy and they want to show us that they are happy. In the today world were we are keeping a distance with the social world on the another hand we care that I another knows ? on the other hand we were not carrying but we care how and the other think about me. According to my observation about 90% has acted that they are happy if sometime a person also seen that people without the valid reason they are unhappy. Sometime it seems that it’s become an art to be happy. The poor, middle, even rich are unhappy due to different valid and unvalid reasons but according to the survey we can find that almost 50% of the people are unhappy due to there unvalid reason. A suggestion to those( people that please understand the world and understand the people difficulties u infact believe that u are the happiness  person the  world your difficulties are very small infact of those people problem) more than that they are happy and setting a goles to the world we have to praised there courage and there willpower. 

HAPPINESS IS A MODE OF POSITIVE MINDSET

thinker

THINKER

In most of time we think to think and change into dream and want to convert into reality. Most obvious question what actually we think and from such how instantly we grow and this thing how impact our life. And most of the time we create our dream a reason to live, a reason to feel, a reason to grow rapidly. And most of the time were we live we try to create an environment. So, every time we can remember our goal. For ex-( a person want to travel a lot and it’s dream destination is USA then he placed the poster in his or her room and when ever he or she awake in  the morning see and smile to see her dream destination. In other word we can say that it give relax and pleasure to the person and sometime many other people who can’t understand the feeling can named as the madness. )

Sometime many people also became a millinor as he think he or she was. Whoo! But not only that a greater thinker can predict more better than the other because after thinking in deep they an experienced the minor point where a normal can’t reach that why I used a term great thinker.

u and yourself

U AND YOURSELF

Many time we can’t realized our self what we are. But this the problem of almost 70% of the people because most of the we observed other what he or she is doing not matter what we are doing in infact sometime we forget our work and looking and observed other hour and hours. Now this generally becomes a human tandency so, supresingly   we not want to work hard but infact we gave knowledge to other that the WORK HARD IS A KEY TO SUCCESS and not looking U and YOURSELF we are looking in the another matter. As specially youth has the future of any nation as we have to understand the condition and we have to tht best to serve our country and nation. Many had made mistake in understanding helping and maintain socially to u and yourself is other thing.

NOBODY CAN BRING YOU PEACE BUT YOURSELF

And we most of the time waiting for something good has happened that can change your life. But u yourself is a person who can change your life.

environment

Environment can help us to be healthy and fit. As we fit our work goes in a right and proper way. So environment play a vital role in our daily life.

HOW SCILENT THE TREES, THEIR POETRY BEGINGS THEMSELVES ONLY.

Environment is protected at world level and the government of various countries taking various step to protect the environment but more then that it is our responsibility to protect the environment where it is terefied to see that the more developed country has last in the concern of environment the one of the advanced reason is industrialization more then that the rich business man is walking to the villages because they are environment friendly. We are spending a lot of money to look fit and healthy which is also good but we are not investing in environment as we are taking lot to the environment so it is a serious concern which gave a burning topic at the international level. So we have plant trees and uses filters in factory.

HOW FLOATING NATIONS THE ENVIRONMENT, ENRICH THE POOR,CURE THE SICK,AND LIBERATE HUMANITY FROM POLITICANS.

Skitterphoto

Skitterphoto